Treatment of Diarrhea

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 30th, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

Although not usually dangerous, diarrhea has caused millions of deaths worldwide, mainly as a result of dehydration. The diarrhea of various causes, is also associated with a reduced consumption of alimento.18 For that reason, the main treatment for diarrhea involves the consumption of adequate amounts of water to replace lost fluids, preferably mixed with electrolytes to recover certain essential minerals and nutrients. In most cases an additional treatment or medical advice unnecessary.

The general treatment of diarrhea can be schematized into 4 phases:

  • Correction of the deficit of water, electrolytes and acid-base balance. In mild or moderate, should be provided orally: the effectiveness of oral rehydration and tolerance to the reintroduction of diet and weight gain is higher compared to intravenous hydration. In the mildest cases (in which power is maintained), ingestion of liquid supplements in the form of water, teas or soft drinks may be sufficient, if food has been removed, you can use different oral solutions designed to treat diarrhea infectious. The solutions should not be used for athletes, because they are hyperosmotic.
  • Proper nutrition: against some established beliefs, in most cases will not need to set a strict bowel rest, the withdrawal of nutrition in children can lead to a daily loss of 1-2% of body weight (not counting fecal losses) which can be life threatening. Although intestinal absorption is reduced in diarrhea is not completely abolished, and absorbed a non-negligible proportion of immediate principles. In fact, patient outcomes are better nourished than those who fast (lower fecal losses and shorter time). In most cases, diarrhea yields in a few days with simple measures such as avoiding foods that increase the volume of feces and intestinal motility (vegetables, skins of fruits or vegetables, whole grain cereal …). It is also recommended intake of certain microorganisms that help to restore intestinal flora, such as yogurt with bifidus or yeast preparations such as Perenterol.19 On the other hand, the general condition of the bowel, avoid milk and dairy products, because often a shortfall of disaccharidases, which prevents the digestion of lactose and worsen diarrhea.
  • Symptomatic treatment of diarrhea and accompanying symptoms: There are some prescription antidiarrheal activity, which may be beneficial, but may be contraindicated in some casos.20
  • Specific treatment agent or factor responsible for diarrhea: in some cases it may be advisable to use antibiotics.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 27th, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

Another possible cause for diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS; in English, IBS irritable bowel syndrome). Symptoms defining IBS: abdominal pain or discomfort relieved by defecation, feces unusual (diarrhea or constipation or both) or changes in stool frequency of at least three days a week for the last 3 months of age.12 The IBS symptoms may be present in patients with a variety of conditions, including food allergies, infective diarrhea, celiac, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Treatment of underlying disease (celiac disease, food allergy, bacterial dysbiosis, etc..) Usually solves the diarrea. Bacterial Dysbiosis is the alteration of the physiological intestinal flora, which protects the intestinal tract infection or proliferation of certain bacteria patógen.
IBS can cause visceral hypersensitivity. While there is no treatment for undifferentiated IBS, symptoms, including diarrhea, can sometimes be managed through a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, and / or medication.
It is important to note that IBS can be confused with giardiasis and that false negative tests for Giardia may lead to a misdiagnosis of the real cause, a parasitic infection

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Acute Diarrhea

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 24th, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

Can be defined as diarrhea that lasts more than 4 weeks, 4 is also called gastroenteritis. Almost always considered contagious, although they are only contagious diarrhea of infectious origin. Often, what you do is reassure the patient, make sure you get adequate amounts of fluid, and wait to see your progress. In more severe cases, or where it is important to find the cause of the disease, will require a stool culture.
The most common organisms found within these crops are Campylobacter (an organism of animal origin), Salmonella (also animal), cryptosporidiosis (animal) and Giardia lamblia (lives in drinking water). The decomposing food is associated with Salmonella infections. Shigella (which causes dysentery) is less common and usually human origin. Cholera is rare in Western countries. It is more common in travelers and is usually related to contaminated water: the ultimate source is probably sea water.
Escherichia coli is probably a very common cause of diarrhea, especially in travelers, but it can be difficult to detect with current technology. The types of E. coli vary from region to region and from country to country. Viruses, particularly rotavirus, are common in children (viral diarrhea misdiagnosed, most often by non-medical practice). Norwalk virus is rare.
Rotting food, or toxins or poisons can cause diarrhea. These toxins are the Staphylococcus (often found in dairy products that have been in contact with any infected wound of the people involved in its preparation), and Bacillus cereus (eg rice in Chinese restaurants).

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Caused by an Infectious Agent

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 21st, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

It is the most common type. The etiology of 70% of cases of infectious diarrhea is the viral. Each year, the main causes of infantile gastroenteritis are rotavirus, which causes 600000-800000 deaths around the world. The virus infects the enterocytes of the intestine, decreases the activity of enzymes that digest the sugars, and decreases the reabsorption of Na + ion and water in the intestine. Besides producing enteric nervous system activation and secretion of Cl-ions. This produces an excess of fluid in the intestine, which results in watery diarrhea. Other viral etiological agents are theNorovirus, which acts directly on the enzyme activity of enterocytes.
1.5% -5.6% of cases, infection is bacteriana.4 etiology are the most common bacteria Campylobacter (2.3%), Salmonella(1.8%), Shigella (1.1% ) or Escherichia coli (0.4%). In this case, acquired by oral bacteria than the immune defenses and attack the enterocytes directly or by producing toxins such as that present in the infection cólera.7 Both bacteria and toxins can cause cell death and pass into the bloodstream, causing systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea or vomiting. According to the bacteria to produce cell death or not, are subdivided into non-cytotoxic (pathogens stimulate the secretory function by activating intracellular enzymes without damaging the epithelial layer: Vibrio cholerae, the cholera pathogen, some strains of E. coli and Bacillus cereus ) and cytotoxic (pathogens that damage the epithelial layer directly, such as Shigella, Clostridium perfringens, C. difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Campylobacter).

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Secretory Diarrhea

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 18th, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

There is an increased secretion of electrolytes (especially sodium and chloride) into the intestinal dragging water, due to an alteration in the transport of water and ions across the epithelium of intestine. In most cases dominated decreased absorption, but sometimes there is an inappropriate increase in the secretion of fluid into the lumen. In this case, we often speak of “watery diarrhea” 9 The first goal of treatment is correction of dehydration, for which fluids are preferably administered orally or intravenously to replace the fluids lost in diarrhea.
In secretory diarrhea, observe the following:

  • as diarrhea is caused by a disorder of ion transport, there is no response (or very little) to fasting: no fecal volume decreases or increases if swallowed
  • the osmotic gradient between the osmolarity of the stool and plasma is very small;
  • fecal sodium usually> 60 mOsm; approximately equal to the plasma;
  • sodium loss is greater than that of potassium;
  • tend to be bulky stools, more than 1 liter per 24 h.
  • fecal pH is usually neutral
  • concomitant loss of bicarbonate causes a metabolic acidosis.

However, some secretory diarrhea, such as those due to malabsorption of fatty acids or laxatives such as castor oil and bile acids, can be transferred with fasting.

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Diarrhea Clinically Symptoms

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 14th, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

Certain foods, such as certain fruits, beans and morning used as sugar substitutes in some diets, sweets and chewing gum can cause diarrhea osmótica.
Several facts characterized clinically osmotic diarrhea:

  • disappears with the patient fasting or interrupting the intake of absor able solute bit
  • osmotic gradient is observed in the faeces: fecal osmolarity is very high compared to plasma (normal is isotonic, ie equal to that of plasma);
  • Primarily fecal sodium is usually <60 mOsm, lower than the plasma
  • the stool volume excreted is usually less than 1 liter per 24 h
  • the generally lower fecal pH 5 (acid) by bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrates
  • tendency to dehydration with high sodium content in plasma
  • is self-limiting and of short duration, stopping as soon as you stop eating osmotic products.
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Osmotic Diarrhea

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 11th, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

It is characterized by increased non-absorbable components in the digestive tract due to inadequate absorption of nutrients present in the light intestinal. As a result, no liquids are absorbed and remain in the lumen. It is seen mainly in malabsorption syndromes, such as celiac disease or pancreatic disorders, in which the secretion of digestive enzymes is altered. Another possible cause is the use of osmotic laxatives (which act to relieve constipation by retaining water in the intestine).


In healthy individuals, too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose can produce osmotic diarrhea. A person with lactose intolerance can have digestive problems if you eat a high amount of dairy products, because unabsorbed lactose remains in the intestine. This results in increased fluid retention and gas production, causing diarrhea osmótica.7 Similar effects can be observed in people with fructose malabsorption. Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol (often present in sugar-free foods) are absorbed with difficulty and can cause diarrhea diarrhea osmótica.8 acid is also produced as a result a marked erythema perinatal.

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History of Diarrhea

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 8th, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

Diarrhea-Ancient Greek διάρροια (diárrhoia), ie διά (day) “through” and ῥέω (rhein) ‘current or flow “-is an alteration of stool in terms of volume, fluidity or frequency relationship to abnormal physiological one which leads to low absorption of fluids and nutrients and can be accompanied by pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, weakness or loss of appetite. In addition to the great loss of water is diarrheal stools, patients , usually children, lose dangerous amounts of important salts, electrolytes and other nutrients. According to figures from the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death in Third World countries, intimately associated with dehydration.

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Definition of Diarrhea

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 6th, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

Diarrhea affects all races, sexes, ages and geographic regions worldwide. Water and sanitation play a crucial role in the transmission of diarrheal disease. These environmental factors contribute to approximately 94% of the 4.000 million cases of diarrhea WHO estimates occur annually worldwide. Children under 5 years in developing countries are most affected and represent a majority of the 1,500 million annual deaths due to diarrhea. In Latin America and the Caribbean, about 77,600 children under age 5 die each year from diarrhea and the consequences of it, which means more than 200 deaths a day. While 16 of the 33 countries in the region are on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goals United Nations with respect to sanitation and clean water, have yet to meet the sanitation needs of 8.4 million people, and in the case of drinking water of 6.1 million. (September 2007, data from the Population Reference Bureau in the U.S.)
The medical definition of diarrhea involves more than three stools a day or increase the amount of stool more than 200 g / 24 h in subjects adults.2 The patient perceives this as a decrease in stool consistency urgent causes and / or abdominal discomfort. This desire to evacuate, often uncontrollable, often the only or main problem, often accompanied by colic and 3 depending on the etiology, may be accompanied by mucus, pus or blood in the stool. Acute diarrhea is considered if the duration is less than 2-4 weeks and when the picture chronic diarrhea lasts more than four weeks

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Diarrhea and Pregnancy

Posted by Richard Kingssons | July 3rd, 2010 in Diarrhea | No Comments »

The last month I had the loop in one day late, what ever happened to me when I take the pill, now 10 years, maybe more. I read about that shit after taking the pill may cause inhibition, but in my instructions, this is not said (is only referred to vomiting). A bit ‘for paranoia, I thought, having had precisely these phenomena in the hours following the intake, it has canceled the effect, and for that I have arrived a day late. I also read that can also be “false” period, then I have not reassured by what I had. Today I should get them, being regular, but it is not so … now look tomorrow, but always with fear … these days then, for a week already, I feel a bit ‘evil, meaning headache, sore stomach, runny nose … now I do not mean that everything is connected by force of pregnancy but, you know my fear … you’d expect? Even if tomorrow you were, you’d expect? Still false menstruation? Cmq’m seriously thinking about going to the doctor and do some pregnancy tests, what the hell … for over 10 years of pill, not knowing of this diarrhea, I’ve always done without fear and nothing happened, but now may things have changed? Tell me ‘you are down

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