Weight loss (greater than 10 percent of body weight)
Weak

• Chronic diarrhea is more than one month
• Chronic cough is more than one month
• Wound or rash that feels pain
• The cut on her lip that does not heal
• Fever and night sweats
• Swollen glands in the neck, armpits and groin (immediately after infection)
• Thrush (a white rash) in the mouth or genitals
• Recurrent infections in the throat and ear
• Recurrent shingles

HIV and AIDS can cause the Human Development Index (HDI) fell and an impact on the economy and poverty. For that, he argues the need for coordination in this issue handled jointly. “Coordinating a keyword that is very important for the prevention of HIV / AIDS, not only at the planning level, but also budgeting, implementation and administration of cases, both at central and local levels,” In addition to coordination problems, other problems in the HIV / AIDS is a matter of funding. Until now, funding is still depending on foreign aid, about 70% of prevention funds from overseas, and it has bad effects. “We put ourselves in a position of high dependence on donors. We know that this aid can be stopped at any time due to various reasons, Therefore, it is time for Indonesia to begin reducing dependence by increasing funds from domestic sources, including increasing the role of community and business world.

Sentinel survey conducted in the Hospital Drug Dependence in Jakarta showed increased cases of HIV infection in drug users who are undergoing rehabilitation that is 15% in 1999, rose rapidly to 40.8% in 2000, and 47.9% in 2001. Drug users who take a free HIV test AIDS was 33% infected with HIV. Even a survey in a village in Central Jakarta conducted by the Pelita Ilmu Foundation showed 93% of drug users infected with HIV.

Surveillance of blood donors and pregnant women are usually used as indicators to describe the HIV / AIDS infection in the general population. If the year 1990 has not been found in blood donors in the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is contaminated with HIV, then the next period of HIV infection found that the number is gradually increasing. Percentage of blood bags which are contaminated with HIV is 0.002% during the period 1992/1993, 0.003% in the period 1994/1995, 0.004% in the period 1998/1999 and 0.016% in 2000. This prevalence would need to be interpreted with caution, because most blood donors are prisoners in correctional institutions, and from AIDS patients who are suspects in the hospital who do not have laboratory facilities for HIV testing. Since a few months ago, tidaki no more blood donors who came out of prison.

Existing data indicate the conclusion that the epidemic of HIV / AIDS in Indonesia are already in advanced stages. Transmission occurs through a variety of ways, either through homosexual relations, heterosexual, injecting drug users, transfusion of blood components, up to and from an infected mother to infant birth. HIV / AIDS infections have also been informed of all classes of society, both high-risk groups and general public. If at first, most people with HIV come from the homosexual group has now been a shift where the rate of transmission is heterosexual and drug users is increasing. Some infants who contracted HIV from her mother proved to show a more advanced stage of stage of heterosexual transmission.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to spread around the world, mainly through sex. Despite advances in treatment, preventing infection is still the great challenge ahead. In the absence of an effective vaccine and after the repeated failures of vaginal microbicide gels, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the taking of drugs before being exposed to the virus, is considered one of the most promising strategies for achieving this goal . A new study in monkeys showed that intermittent therapy before contacting HIV is effective.

The researchers, from the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA), exposed the macaques to simian immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) modified to be as identical as possible to HIV. In different groups were given different doses of antiretroviral drugs and at different times to see what combination offered the best protection.Their findings, published in ‘Science Translational Medicine’, show that those animals that received a dose of the drug Truvada (tenofovir / emtricitabine) one, three or seven days before exposure to virus and a second dose after two hours were the best protected from infection. The risk of contracting the virus was reduced from 10 to 16 times.

As explained ELMUNDO.es J. Gerardo Garcia-Lerma, Department of HIV Prevention at the CDC, “pre-exposure prophylaxis is not a new concept and is being studied in several clinical trials in approximately 20,000 volunteers across the world. The feature of these trials is that all treatments evaluated daily. The novelty of our work was based on the assumption that you may not need daily therapy that can prevent infection and also with simplified intermittent treatments consisting of only two tablets, one before exposure to the virus and one after.

The work has shown that the hypothesis was true and that, besides the most effective combination mentioned above, take the treatment two hours before or two hours after virus exposure, which was rectally, also reduces transmission up to four times.

Preliminary results

“Although preliminary data are quite remarkable,” the Spanish investigator. However, for this strategy to make the leap to humans, “we still have to wait to know what is the efficacy of daily treatments on them, if there are any side effects or relaxation of preventive measures. Surely along this year we will have the first results and, from there, develop the strategy, “explains Garcia-Lerma.

Preventive therapy is a somewhat drastic measure, but for the expert from the CDC, “the severity of the AIDS epidemic, which affects 33.4 million people around the world requires new methods of prevention can complement existing strategies.

Still, he clarifies that “can be useful only in certain high risk groups like gay men, drug users injecting, discordant couples and women at risk.” And in any case “should be combined with other existing prevention strategies.