Daily Medical Advices

It is the most common type. The etiology of 70% of cases of infectious diarrhea is the viral. Each year, the main causes of infantile gastroenteritis are rotavirus, which causes 600000-800000 deaths around the world. The virus infects the enterocytes of the intestine, decreases the activity of enzymes that digest the sugars, and decreases the reabsorption of Na + ion and water in the intestine. Besides producing enteric nervous system activation and secretion of Cl-ions. This produces an excess of fluid in the intestine, which results in watery diarrhea. Other viral etiological agents are theNorovirus, which acts directly on the enzyme activity of enterocytes.
1.5% -5.6% of cases, infection is bacteriana.4 etiology are the most common bacteria Campylobacter (2.3%), Salmonella(1.8%), Shigella (1.1% ) or Escherichia coli (0.4%). In this case, acquired by oral bacteria than the immune defenses and attack the enterocytes directly or by producing toxins such as that present in the infection cólera.7 Both bacteria and toxins can cause cell death and pass into the bloodstream, causing systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea or vomiting. According to the bacteria to produce cell death or not, are subdivided into non-cytotoxic (pathogens stimulate the secretory function by activating intracellular enzymes without damaging the epithelial layer: Vibrio cholerae, the cholera pathogen, some strains of E. coli and Bacillus cereus ) and cytotoxic (pathogens that damage the epithelial layer directly, such as Shigella, Clostridium perfringens, C. difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Campylobacter).