Posts Tagged ‘Salmonella’
Acute Diarrhea
Can be defined as diarrhea that lasts more than 4 weeks, 4 is also called gastroenteritis. Almost always considered contagious, although they are only contagious diarrhea of infectious origin. Often, what you do is reassure the patient, make sure you get adequate amounts of fluid, and wait to see your progress. In more severe cases, or where it is important to find the cause of the disease, will require a stool culture.
The most common organisms found within these crops are Campylobacter (an organism of animal origin), Salmonella (also animal), cryptosporidiosis (animal) and Giardia lamblia (lives in drinking water). The decomposing food is associated with Salmonella infections. Shigella (which causes dysentery) is less common and usually human origin.
Cholera is rare in Western countries. It is more common in travelers and is usually related to contaminated water: the ultimate source is probably sea water.
Escherichia coli is probably a very common cause of diarrhea, especially in travelers, but it can be difficult to detect with current technology. The types of E. coli vary from region to region and from country to country. Viruses, particularly rotavirus, are common in children (viral diarrhea misdiagnosed, most often by non-medical practice). Norwalk virus is rare.
Rotting food, or toxins or poisons can cause diarrhea. These toxins are the Staphylococcus (often found in dairy products that have been in contact with any infected wound of the people involved in its preparation), and Bacillus cereus (eg rice in Chinese restaurants).
Caused by an Infectious Agent
It is the most common type. The etiology of 70% of cases of infectious diarrhea is the viral. Each year, the main causes of infantile gastroenteritis are rotavirus, which causes 600000-800000 deaths around the world. The virus infects the enterocytes of the intestine, decreases the activity of enzymes that digest the sugars, and decreases the reabsorption of Na + ion and water in the intestine. Besides producing enteric nervous system activation and secretion of Cl-ions. This produces an excess of fluid in the intestine, which results in watery diarrhea. Other viral etiological agents are theNorovirus, which acts directly on the enzyme activity of enterocytes.
1.5% -5.6% of cases, infection is bacteriana.4 etiology are the most common bacteria Campylobacter (2.3%), Salmonella
(1.8%), Shigella (1.1% ) or Escherichia coli (0.4%). In this case, acquired by oral bacteria than the immune defenses and attack the enterocytes directly or by producing toxins such as that present in the infection cólera.7 Both bacteria and toxins can cause cell death and pass into the bloodstream, causing systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea or vomiting. According to the bacteria to produce cell death or not, are subdivided into non-cytotoxic (pathogens stimulate the secretory function by activating intracellular enzymes without damaging the epithelial layer: Vibrio cholerae, the cholera pathogen, some strains of E. coli and Bacillus cereus ) and cytotoxic (pathogens that damage the epithelial layer directly, such as Shigella, Clostridium perfringens, C. difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Campylobacter).